Isopentane
Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name 2-Methylbutane[1] | |
Other names Isopentane | |
Identifiers | |
CAS Number |
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3D model (JSmol) |
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Beilstein Reference | 1730723 |
ChEBI |
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ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.001.039 |
EC Number |
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Gmelin Reference | 49318 |
MeSH | isopentane |
PubChem CID |
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RTECS number |
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UNII |
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UN number | 1265 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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InChI
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Properties | |
Chemical formula | C5H12 |
Molar mass | 72.151 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Colorless liquid |
Odor | Gasoline-like |
Density | 616 mg mL−1[2] |
Melting point | −161 to −159 °C; −258 to −254 °F; 112 to 114 K |
Boiling point | 27.8 to 28.2 °C; 81.9 to 82.7 °F; 300.9 to 301.3 K |
Vapor pressure | 76.992 kPa (at 20 °C) |
Henry's law constant (kH) | 7.2 nmol Pa−1 kg−1 |
UV-vis (λmax) | 192 nm |
Refractive index (nD) | 1.354 |
Viscosity | 0.214 cP (at 20 °C) |
Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C) | 164.85 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 260.41 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | −179.1–−177.3 kJ mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | ~ 3.3 MJ mol−1, 19,664 Btu/lb |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
Danger | |
H224, H301, H302, H305, H336, H411 | |
P210, P261, P273, P301+P310, P331 | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1 4 0 |
Flash point | −51 °C (−60 °F; 222 K) |
Autoignition temperature | 420 °C (788 °F; 693 K) |
Explosive limits | 1.4–8.3% |
Related compounds | |
Related alkanes | |
Related compounds | 2-Ethyl-1-butanol |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references |
Isopentane, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain saturated hydrocarbon (an alkane) with five carbon atoms, with formula C
5H
12 or CH(CH
3)
2(C
2H
5).
Isopentane is a volatile and flammable liquid. It is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane (n-pentane) and neopentane (2,2-dimethylpropane).
Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of −160 °C. Natural gas typically contains 1% or less isopentane,[3] but it is a significant component of natural gasoline.[4]
Nomenclature
The traditional name isopentane was still retained in the 1993 IUPAC recommendations,[5][6] but is no longer recommended according to the 2013 recommendations.[1] The preferred IUPAC name is the systematic name 2-methylbutane. An isopentyl group is a subset of the generic pentyl group. It has the chemical structure -CH3CH2CH(CH3)2.
Uses
Isopentane is used in a closed loop in geothermal power production to drive turbines.[7]
Isopentane is used, in conjunction with dry ice or liquid nitrogen, to freeze tissues for cryosectioning in histology. [8]
Isopentane is a major component (sometimes 30% or more) of natural gasoline, an analog of common petroleum-derived gasoline that is condensed from natural gas.[4] It has a substantially higher octane rating (RON 93.7) than n-pentane (61.7), and therefore there is interest in conversion from the latter.[9]
References
- ^ a b Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 652. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
The names 'isobutane', 'isopentane' and 'neopentane' are no longer recommended.
- ^ James Wei (1999), Molecular Symmetry, Rotational Entropy, and Elevated Melting Points. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., volume 38 issue 12, pp. 5019–5027 doi:10.1021/ie990588m
- ^ Georg Hammer, Torsten Lübcke, Roland Kettner, Mark R. Pillarella, Herta Recknagel, Axel Commichau, Hans-Joachim Neumann and Barbara Paczynska-Lahme "Natural Gas" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_073.pub2
- ^ a b Ivan F. Avery, L. V. Harvey (1958): Natural-gasoline and Cycling Plants in the United States, Information circular, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines. 12 pages.
- ^ Table 19(a) Acyclic and monocyclic hydrocarbons. Parent hydrocarbons
- ^ Panico, R. & Powell, W. H., eds. (1994). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2.
- ^ Byproduct Isopentane also used in some of the LPG plant to run the boiler and generate the power. HS Orka HF Energy Plant IV Archived 2014-10-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Animal Resources Program - the Office of the Vice President for Research | UAB".
- ^ Sheng Wang, Ying Zhang, Mao-Gang He, Xiong Zheng, and Li-Bin Chen (2014): "Thermal Diffusivity and Speed of Sound of Saturated Pentane from Light Scattering". International Journal of Thermophysics, volume 35, pages 1450–1464. doi:10.1007/s10765-014-1718-x
External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 1153
- IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (online version of the "Blue Book")
- v
- t
- e
- Methane (CH4)
- Ethane (C2H6)
- Propane (C3H8)
- Butane (C4H10)
- Pentane (C5H12)
- Hexane (C6H14)
- Heptane (C7H16)
- Octane (C8H18)
- Nonane (C9H20)
- Decane (C10H22)
- Undecane (C11H24)
- Dodecane (C12H26)
- Tridecane (C13H28)
- Tetradecane (C14H30)
- Pentadecane (C15H32)
- Hexadecane / Cetane (C16H34)
- Heptadecane (C17H36)
- Octadecane (C18H38)
- Nonadecane (C19H40)
- Icosane (C20H42)
- Heneicosane (C21H44)
- Tetracosane (C24H50)
- Nonacosane (C29H60)
- Hentriacontane (C31H64)