Protégé system : Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Protégé system

19th-century privileges in Morocco

The protégé system (Arabic: نظام المحميين) in Morocco in the 19th century allowed people working for foreign consuls and vice-consuls certain privileges and legal protections not available to the rest of the population.^[vague]^[1]^[2] At first the status of protégé was available only to Moroccans—Muslims and Jews—but it was extended to Europeans by the 1860s.^[1] The protégé system was a parallel to the capitulatory system in the Ottoman Empire.^[1]^[3]

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History of Morocco

Prehistory Acheulean Mousterian Aterian Iberomaurusian Capsian
Classical to Late Antiquity (8th century BC – 7th century AD) Carthaginian Roman Mauretania Mauretania Tingitana Exarchate of Africa
Early Islamic (8th–10th century AD) Muslim conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty
Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th century AD) Caliphate of Córdoba Fatimid Caliphate Ifranids Miknasas Maghrawas
Empire (beginning 11th century AD) Almoravids Almohads Marinids Wattasids Saadis Alawis other political entities Zawiya Dila'iya Principality of Debdou Republic of Salé
Decline (beginning 19th century AD) Franco-Moroccan War Anglo-Moroccan Treaty of 1856 Hispano-Moroccan War Protégé system Treaty of Wad Ras Treaty of Madrid Tangier Crisis Treaty of Algeciras Agadir Crisis Hafidiya Bombardment of Casablanca (1907) French conquest of Morocco
Protectorate (1912–56) Treaty of Fez French protectorate Spanish protectorate French Conquest Zaian War Rif War Tangier Protocol Tangier International Zone Opposition to European control Revolution of the King and the People
Modern (1956–present) Ifni War Sand War Moroccanization Coup d'état attempt in 1971 / in 1972 Moulay Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara conflict 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords
Related topics Morocco in the 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s History by topic Jewish Economic Military Postal Imperial cities
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The Madrid Conference of 1880 was held at the behest of Sultan Hassan I in response to France and Spain's abuse^{[clarification needed]} of the protégé system.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Cornwell, Graham Hough (2018). Sweetening the Pot: A History of Tea and Sugar in Morocco, 1850-1960 (thesis thesis). Georgetown University.
^ "المحميون .. عندما طغى "وْلاد الفْشوش" على مغاربة القرن الـ19". Hespress - هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية (in Arabic). 2020-01-03. Retrieved 2021-11-19.
^ ^a ^b Miller, Susan Gilson (2013). A history of modern Morocco. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-62469-5. OCLC 855022840.