Roy

Roy
Pronunciation/ˈrɔɪ/
GenderMale
Origin
Word/nameOld Norman, Old French, Bengali, Scottish Gaelic
MeaningKing or Red
Region of originWestern Europe
Other names
Alternative spellingRoi
Variant form(s)Leroy, Leroi
Related namesFitzroy, Rex, Rey, Ray, Rai

Roy or Roi is a masculine given name and a family surname with varied origins.

France

Coat of arms of Le Roy, Normandy. Bibliothèque nationale de France.

In France, this family name originated from the Normans, the descendants of Norse Vikings who migrated to Amigny, a commune in Manche, Normandy.[1][2][3] The derivation is from the Old French roy, roi (French pronunciation: [ʁwa]), meaning "king", which was a byname used before the Norman Conquest and a personal name in the Middle Ages.[2][4][5]

Coat of arms for the Knights Templar.

Earliest references cite Guillaume de Roy (William of Roy), who was a knight of the Knights Templar and one of several knights and feudal lords (seigneur)[6][7][8] of the Roy family in France.[9][10][11]

In Canada and in the United States, the descendants of the families of Roy, Le Roy that immigrated to North America have been granted a coat of arms by the Governor General of Canada.[12][13][14]

England

"Roy" Edward III, King of England. Bruges Garter Book.

After the Norman Conquest, the victorious Normans and their allies settled England and eventually formed the ruling class of nobles called Anglo-Normans.[2] Roy, or Roi was a family name and also a title that was used by the kings of England & royal administration (such as Norroy and Viceroy).[15][16][17] This is seen with patronymic surnames like Fitzroy, from Fi(t)z, meaning "son of" and Roy, "king", denoting the name bearer as a "son of the king".[18][19][20]

Le Roy le veult ("The King wills it"), is a Norman French phrase still used in the Parliament of the United Kingdom to this day as royal assent. A legacy of a time prior to 1488 when parliamentary and judicial proceedings were conducted in Norman.[21][22]

India

In India, Roy is an anglicized variant of the surname Rai, likewise meaning "king". Rai (title) is a historical title of royalty and nobility in the Indian subcontinent used by rulers and chieftains of many princely states.[2]

Scotland

The name Roy is also found in Scotland, an anglicisation from the Scottish Gaelic nickname ruadh, meaning "red".[2]

Given name

  • Roy Acuff (1903–1992), American country music singer and fiddler
  • Roy Andersen (born 1955), Norwegian former long-distance runner
  • Roy Andersen (general) (born 1948), South African businessman and military officer
  • Roy Anderson (American football) (born 1980), American football coach
  • Roy M. Anderson (born 1947), British scientific adviser
  • Roy Andersson (born 1943), Swedish film director
  • Roy Andersson (footballer) (born 1949), footballer from Sweden
  • Roy Chapman Andrews (1884–1960), American naturalist and explorer
  • Roy Ascott (born 1934), British artist and theorist
  • Roy Black (singer) (1943–1991), German singer and actor
  • Roy Blount Jr. (born 1941), American writer, speaker, reporter and humorist
  • Roy Blunt (born 1950), United States Senator and former congressman
  • Roy Bucher (1895–1980), British-Indian soldier and Commander-in-Chief
  • Roy C (1939–2020), American soul and R&B singer and songwriter
  • Roy Campanella (1921–1993), American Hall of Fame baseball catcher
  • Roy Campanella II (born 1948), television director and producer, son of the above
  • Roy Castle (1932–1994), English dancer, singer, musician, comedian, actor, television presenter and musician
  • Roy Cimatu (born 1946), Filipino government administrator and retired army general
  • Roy Clark (1933–2018), American country music singer and musician
  • Roy Clarke (born 1930), English comedy writer
  • Roy Choi (born 1970), Korean-American chef
  • Roy Christian (born 1943), New Zealand rugby league footballer
  • Roy Cohn (1927–1986), American lawyer best known as Senator Joseph McCarthy's counsel from 1953 to 1954
  • Roy Cooper (born 1957), American politician and governor of North Carolina
  • Roy Crossley (1923–2003), English footballer
  • Roy DeMeo (1940–1983), Italian-American mobster
  • Roy de Silva (1937–2018), Sri Lankan Sinhala actor and director
  • Roy E. Disney (1930–2009), American businessman
  • Roy O. Disney (1893–1971), American businessman
  • Roy Dobbin (1873–1939), founding member of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Roy Drusky (1930–2004), American country music singer and songwriter
  • Roy Face (born 1928), often referred to as "Elroy Face", American baseball relief pitcher
  • Roy Firestone (born 1953), American sports talk show host
  • Roy Foster (baseball) (1945–2008), American baseball player
  • Roy Gagnon (1913–2000), American football player
  • Roy J. Glauber (1925–2018), American physicist and 2005 Nobel prize winner
  • Roy M. Goodman (1930–2014), New York state senator
  • Roy Halladay (1977–2017), American baseball pitcher
  • Roy Halliday (1923–2007), British vice-admiral
  • Roy Halston Frowick (1932–1990), better known as Halston, clothing designer
  • Roy Hamilton (1929–1969), American singer
  • Roy Hamilton (basketball) (born 1957), American basketball player and sports television producer
  • Roy Hargrove (1969–2018), American jazz trumpeter
  • Roy Harper (disambiguation)
  • Roy Harris (disambiguation)
  • Roy Harrison (born 1939), Irish former cricketer
  • Roy M. Harrison (born 1948), environmental chemist
  • Roy Hartsfield (1925–2011), American Major League Baseball player and manager
  • Roy Hattersley (born 1932), British politician, author and journalist
  • Roy Head (1941–2020), American country music, rockabilly, and R&B singer
  • Roy Hibbert (born 1986), Jamaican-American retired basketball player
  • Roy Hodgson (born 1947), English former football player and current manager
  • Roy Horn (born Uwe Ludwig Horn, 1944–2020), half of the Las Vegas show team Siegfried & Roy
  • Roy Howell (born 1953), American former Major League baseball player
  • Roy Lee Jackson (born 1954), American former Major League Baseball pitcher
  • Roy Douglas Jayetileke, Sri Lankan Sinhala army officer
  • Roy Jenkins (1920–2003), Welsh politician and author
  • Roy Johnson (pitcher) (1895–1986), baseball pitcher, manager and longtime coach
  • Roy Jones Jr. (born 1969), professional boxer
  • Roy Keane (born 1971), Irish former football player and current manager
  • Roy Khan (born 1970), former singer of power metal band Kamelot
  • Roy Kim (born 1993), born Kim Sang-woo, South Korean singer-songwriter
  • Roy Kinnear (1934–1988), English actor
  • Roy Lechthaler (1908–1980), American football player
  • Roy Li (born 1965), Singaporean musician
  • Roy Lichtenstein (1923–1997), American pop artist
  • Roy Lopez (American football) (born 1997), American football player
  • Roy McMillan (1929–1997), American baseball player
  • Roy Makaay (born 1975), Dutch footballer and current manager
  • Roy Marika (c. 1925 – 1993), Aboriginal Australian artist and Indigenous rights activist
  • Roy Marten (born Roy Wicaksono Abdul, 1952) Indonesian actor
  • Roy Masters (commentator) (1928–2021), American talk radio personality
  • Roy Mbaeteka (born 2000), Nigerian-American football player
  • Roy Moore (born 1947), American politician and former state judge
  • Roy Morris (c. 1930 – 2011), British Scout Leader, recipient of the Silver Wolf Award
  • Roy Nachum (born 1979), Israeli contemporary artist
  • Roy Nelson (disambiguation), multiple people
  • Roy Niederhoffer (born 1966), American hedge fund manager and philanthropist
  • Roy Nissany (born 1994), Israeli racing driver
  • Roy Olmstead (1886–1966), American policeman, then bootlegger
  • Roy Orbison (1936–1988), American singer-songwriter
  • Roy Oxlade (1929–2014), English painter and writer on art
  • Roy Parmelee (1907–1981), American baseball player
  • Roy Earl Parrish (1888–1918), American politician
  • Roy Pinney (1911–2010), herpetologist, professional photographer, writer, spelunker, pilot and war correspondent
  • Roy Roebuck (1929–2023), British politician
  • Roy Rogers (1911–1998), American singing movie cowboy
  • Roy Rosselló (born 1970), member of Puerto Rican boy band Menudo from 1983 to 1986
  • Roy Scheider (1932–2008), film actor
  • Roy Schwartz Tichon, social entrepreneur promoting public transportation on Saturday in Israel
  • Roy Schwitters (1944–2023), American physicist
  • Roy D. Shapiro, professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School
  • Roy Shepherd (born 1931), British ice hockey player
  • Roy Shepherd (pianist) (1907–1986), Australian pianist and teacher
  • Roy Sievers (1926–2017), American baseball player
  • Roy Smalley Jr. (1926–2011), American baseball player, father of Roy Smalley III
  • Roy Smalley III (born 1952), American baseball player, son of Roy Smalley Jr.
  • Roy Staiger (born 1950), baseball player in the late 1970s
  • Roy Strong (born 1935), English art historian, museum curator, writer, broadcaster and landscape designer
  • Roy Sullivan (1912–1983), American park ranger
  • Roy Suryo (born 1968), former Minister of Youth and Sports Affairs of Indonesia
  • Roy Thomas (pitcher) (born 1953), American baseball player
  • Roy Underhill (born 1950), host of the PBS series The Woodwright's Shop
  • Roy Wang, also known as Wang Yuan (born 2000), Chinese singer-songwriter, television host and actor
  • Roy Webb (1888–1982), gospel music pianist and speaker
  • Roy White (born 1943), American all-star baseball player
  • Roy Williams (basketball coach) (born 1950), American college basketball coach
  • Roy Williamson (1936–1990), Scottish folk singer
  • Roy Wilkins (1901–1981), civil rights activist
  • Roy Wood (born 1946), English singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist
  • Roy Wood Jr. (born 1978), American comedian and humorist

Surname

  • Anupam Roy (born 1982), Indian singer and music director
  • Ajoy Roy (1935–2019), Bangladeshi physicist and human rights activist
  • Anuradha Roy (novelist) (born 1967), Indian Bengali novelist and journalist
  • Aruna Roy (born 1946), Indian Tamil social activist
  • Arundhati Roy (born 1961), Indian Keralite novelist and political activist
  • Avik Roy, American political commentator
  • Bidhan Chandra Roy (1882–1962), Indian Bengali politician
  • Bikash Roy (1916–1987), Indian Bengali actor
  • Bimal Roy (1909–1966), Indian Bengali film director
  • Brandon Roy (born 1984), American basketball player
  • Bravvion Roy (born 1996), American football player
  • Bryan Roy (born 1970), Dutch football (soccer) player and current manager
  • Bunker Roy (born 1945), Indian Bengali social activist
  • Claude Roy (physician) (1928–2015), Canadian physician
  • Claude Roy (poet) (1915–1997), French poet and essayist
  • Claude Roy (politician) (born 1952), Canadian politician
  • Conrad Roy (1995–2014), American marine salvage captain whose suicide resulted in the manslaughter conviction of his girlfriend
  • Debashree Roy (born 1961), Indian Bengali actress
  • Deep Roy (born 1957), Kenyan-born Indian actor
  • Derek Roy (born 1983), Canadian ice hockey player
  • Derek Roy (comedian) (1922–1981), English comedian
  • Dolon Roy (born 1970), Indian Bengali actress
  • Drew Roy (born 1986), American actor
  • Eric Roy (footballer) (born 1967), French footballer
  • Eric Roy (politician) (born 1948), New Zealand politician
  • Fabien Roy (born 1928), Canadian politician
  • Falguni Roy (1945–1981), Indian Bengali poet
  • Gabrielle Roy (1909–1983), Canadian author
  • Helen Roy (born 1969), British ecologist, entomologist and academic
  • Indra Lal Roy (1898–1918), Indian Bengali First World War flying ace
  • Jahor Roy (1919–1977), Indian Bengali actor and comedian
  • James Roy (politician) (1893–1971), New Zealand politician
  • James Roy (writer) (born 1968), Australian writer
  • James A. Roy (born 1964), US Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force
  • Jaquelin Roy (born 2000), American football player
  • Jason Roy (born 1990), English cricketer
  • Jeffrey Roy (born 1961), American politician and lawyer
  • Jean Sebastien Roy, Canadian motocross rider who enjoyed success in the 2000s
  • Jean-Yves Roy (born 1949), Canadian politician
  • Joshua Roy (born 2003), Canadian ice hockey player
  • Juthika Roy (1920–2014), Indian Bengali singer
  • Kalidas Roy (1889–1975), Indian Bengali poet
  • Kanu Roy (1912–1981), Indian Bengali film actor, and music composer
  • Leela Roy (1900–1970), Indian Bengali independence activist and social reformer
  • Leo Roy (1904–1955), American/Canadian boxer
  • M. N. Roy (1887–1954), Indian Bengali philosopher and revolutionary
  • Mathieu Roy (ice hockey, born 1983), Canadian ice hockey player
  • Mathieu Roy (ice hockey, born 1986), Canadian ice hockey player
  • Matt Roy (born 1995), American ice hockey player
  • Mouni Roy (born 1985), Indian actress
  • Nicolas Roy (born 1997), Canadian ice hockey player
  • Nirmal Roy (born 1996), Pakistani singer
  • Nirupa Roy (1931–2004), Indian Gujarati actress
  • Patrick Roy (born 1965), Canadian ice hockey head coach and former goaltender
  • Peter Roy (1828-1881), American farmer and politician
  • Prannoy Roy (born 1949), Indian Bengali journalist and media personality
  • Prasanna Kumar Roy (1849–1932), Indian Bengali educationist
  • Rachel Roy (born 1974), American fashion designer
  • Ram Mohan Roy (1772–1833), Indian Bengali religious, social and educational reformer
  • Rahul Roy (born 1966), Indian film actor
  • Rohit Roy (born 1968), Indian actor
  • Ronit Roy (born 1965), Indian actor
  • Rudolf Roy (born 1920), German tank commander
  • Sarat Chandra Roy (1871–1942), Indian Bengali anthropologist
  • Satabdi Roy (born 1968), Indian Bengali actress
  • Shasanka Mohan Roy (born 1941), Indian quantum physicist
  • Shehzad Roy (born 1979), Pakistani pop singer and social worker
  • Subrata Roy (born 1948), Indian Bengali businessman
  • Subimal Chandra Roy (1912–1971), Indian Bengali jurist
  • Subodh Roy (1916–2006), Indian Bengali independence activist
  • Sylvie Roy (1964–2016), Canadian politician
  • Tarapada Roy (1936–2007), Indian Bengali author
  • William Roy (1726–1790), Scottish surveyor
  • Zachary Roy (born 2003), Canadian soccer player

Fictional characters

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (January 2023)

See also

  • Leroy (name)
  • Leroi
  • Rai (surname)
  • Rey (surname)
  • Ray (surname)
  • Roi (disambiguation)
  • Rob Roy MacGregor (1671–1734), Scottish outlaw and folk hero

References

  1. ^ Du Cluzel de Remaurin, Chevalier. (1863). "Généalogie de la noble et ancienne maison des Le Roy". Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Philosophie, histoire, sciences de l'homme. Retrieved 30 May 2023. Ecrit indifféremment dans quelques actes: Roi, Le Roi, De Roy et Le Roy." "D'origine normande, la noble maison des LE ROY 1, divisée en quatre principales bran-ches, dont nous donnons ici la généalogie, remonte à la plus haute antiquité, c'est-à-dire à ces fiers enfants du Nord (Nort-mans) qui, du fond de la Norwège 2, sous la conduite des Hadding, des Gerlon, des Héric et autres chefs non moins inhumains et farouches, inon-dèrent la Gaule au septième siècle, et ne laissèrent rien d'entier sur leur passage que les traces sanglantes de leur barbarie, la désolation et des' ruines, assiégèrent trois fois Paris et en effrayèrent si fort les habitants..." "GUILLAUME LE ROY, — alias DE ROY, — écuyér, chevalier du Temple..." "D'origine chevaleresque, la maison des LE ROY a donné à l'armée une longue série d'officiers distingués de tous grades, soit dans l'infanterie, la cavalerie, la maison du roi et rartillerie ; elle a eu deux chevaliers de l'ordre du Roi et plusieurs chevaliers de l'ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louis, des chambellans, des sénéchaux, des gouverneurs, des magistrats intègres dans les baillages et les cours souveraines, et enfin des conseillers du roi et des trésoriers de ses épargnes...
  2. ^ a b c d e Patrick Hankes (2003). Dictionary of American Family Names. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. p. xcvii. ISBN 0-19-508137-4. Roy: English (of Norman origin): from Old French roi 'king' used as a nickname (see 3 below) and also as a personal name." "French: from Old French rey roy 'king'. Compare Deroy and Leroy." "Indian (Bengal) and Bangladeshi: variant of Rai." "Scottish: nickname for a person with red hair or a ruddy complexion from Gaelic ruadh 'red.'".
  3. ^ Du Cluzel de Remaurin, Chevalier. Lithographique de Jean Baptiste Joseph Constant, Graveur (1863). "Armorial de la maison Le Roy". Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Philosophie, histoire, sciences de l'homme. Retrieved 15 July 2023. Le Roy Normandie.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ "Leroy". Dictionary of American family names. Retrieved 22 May 2023. French: from Old French rey, roy 'king' (from Latin rex, genitive regis) (see Roy.), with the definite article le... King: The word was already used as a byname before the Norman Conquest, and the nickname was common in the Middle Ages...French LEROY.
  5. ^ Anselme de Sainte-Marie (1733). "Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France, des pairs, grands officiers de la couronne & de la maison du Roy, & des anciens barons du royaume". Compagnie des Libraires, Paris. Retrieved 15 July 2023. Genealogie De La Maison De Le Roy...Guillaume le Roy III, du nom, seigneur de Chavigny, du Chillou...Femme, Françoise de Fontenays...1.René le Roi, seigneur de Chavigny, qui fuit...2.Guyon le Roy, seigneur du Chillou & de Mondon...
  6. ^ "Lord Le Roy". France Archives (Portail National Des Archives). Retrieved 14 July 2023. François Le Roy, chevalier de l'ordre du Roi, seigneur de Chavigny, capitaine de 50 hommes d'armes des ordonnances du Roi et lieutenant-général ès pays de Touraine, d'Anjou et du Maine et Antoinette de La Tour, sa femme ...
  7. ^ "Armorial du Saint-Esprit : Seigneur François Le Roy". Bibliothèque nationale de France. Département des Manuscrits. Retrieved 14 July 2023. Recueil de tous les chevaliers de l'ordre du Saint Esprit, depuis l'institution jusques en la presente année mil six cens trente un, avec les armoiries... le tout recueilly et mis en ordre par le Sr DE VALLES, de la ville de Chartres, en Beauce. A Paris.
  8. ^ "Congrès archéologique de France : séances générales tenues ... par la Société française pour la conservation des monuments historiques". Société française d'archéologie. 1997. Retrieved 23 August 2023. Du château fort au château neuf Modeste fief de Lerné, la terre de Chavigny, qui relevait du château de Loudun et qui est érigée en châtellenie en 1518, appartenait dès le XIV e siècle â la famille Le Roy. Le 19 juillet 1432, Guillaume Le Roy obtient l'autorisation de fortifier son manoir, qui présente bientôt « fossés, tour, pont-levis, barbacane, mâchicoulis et autres rempare-ments » (5). En 1543, François Le Roy (1519-1606), capitaine d'une compagnie d'archers qui combat en Piémont sous les ordres du maréchal de Brissac, modernise le château familial en bâtissant un corps de galeries (6).
  9. ^ Alain Demurger (2019). "Guillaume de Roy". The Persecution of the Knights Templar: Scandal, Torture, Trial. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-64313-089-7. Retrieved 12 July 2023. Seven of these nine Templars are also on the list of brothers who came from Gisors on 26 February 1310: Henri Zappellans or Chapelain, Anceau de Rocheria, Enard de Valdencia, Guillaume de Roy, Geoffroy de Cera or de La Fere-en-Champagne, Robert Harle or de Hermenonville, and Dreux de Chevru; the two others, Robert de Mortefontaine and Robert de Monts-de-Soissons, perhaps appear under different names. We don't know the reasons why those nine Templars were not taken back to Gisors. They are catalogued as 'non-reconciled': that is, they had not been absolved and reconciled with the Church by a diocesan commission. They attended neither the Council of Sens nor that of Reims in May 1310. They were from different dioceses: Toul, Sens, Chalons-en-Champagne, Treves but also Soissons (Guillaume de Roy), Laon (Geoffroy de La Fere) and Senlis (Robert Harle).
  10. ^ Société académique de Laon (1864). "Bulletin de la Société académique de Laon". Bibliothèque nationale de France. Retrieved 12 July 2023. Procès des Templiers" "Nicolas de Celles; Gauthier de Villesavoye; Etienne de Compiègne; Robert de Montreuil-aux-Lions, pètre; Guillaume de Roy; Geoffroy de Cère; Eloi de Pavant; Raoul et Pierre de Compiègne, Pierre d'Anizy défendront tous l'Ordre.
  11. ^ De Philippe Antoine Grouvelle (1805). "Les Templiers". Mémoires historiques sur les Templiers, ou Éclaircissemens nouveaux sur leur histoire, leur procès, les accusations intentées contr'eux, et les causes secrètes de leur ruine. Retrieved 12 July 2023. Noms des Frères rassemblés le 28 mars 1310, devant les Commissaires charges par le Pape de l'Enquête sur les griefs imputés à l'Ordre du Temple en général... 184. Guillaume De Roy
  12. ^ "Association des familles Roy d'Amérique". Governor General of Canada. Register of Arms, Flags, and Badges of Canada. 1997. Retrieved 5 August 2023. Grant of Arms, September 14, 1997, Vol. III, p. 195. Arms of the Association des familles Roy d'Amérique Blazon Azure upon a base barry-wavy Argent and Azure a 17th century French ship Or sails and flags Argent in chief a man's and a woman's hands clasped Argent the whole between two ears of wheat totaling forty-two grains Or; Crest Blazon A compass rose Argent; Motto Blazon JOIE • FRATERNITÉ • RESPECT, meaning "Joy • Brotherhood • Respect"; Background Canada Gazette Information The announcement of the letters patent was made on November 22, 1997 in Volume 131, page 3591 of the Canada Gazette.
  13. ^ "Tristan Roy". Governor General of Canada. Register of Arms, Flags, and Badges of Canada. 2013. Retrieved 12 August 2023. Mont Royal, Quebec Grant of Arms, with differences to Ariël Thériault-Roy and Lancelot Thériault-Roy August 15, 2013 Vol. VI, p. 254. The blue from the arms of the kings of France symbolizes Mr. Roy's surname ("king" in English). The colour also appears on the flag of the Carignan-Salières Regiment, with which his ancestor, Antoine Roy, served upon arriving in New France in 1665. The ship and waves are taken from the arms of the Association des familles Roy d'Amérique. The compass rose is taken from the arms of the Association des familles Roy d'Amérique and symbolizes exploration and astronomy, two of Mr. Roy's passions. The fleurs-de-lis, symbols of the kings of France, refer to his surname and French roots.
  14. ^ "Plaque de Nicolas Leroy et Jeanne Lelièvre. Vue avant". Gouvernement du Québec, Culture et Communications. 2000. Retrieved 24 August 2023. Association des familles Roy d'Amérique... Texte de la plaque...Hommage à une famille pionnière...Nicolas Leroy et Jeanne Lelièvre arrivés en Nouvelle-France en 1661, de Dieppe, Normandie, établis en la seigneurie de La Durantaye en 1676, et dont plusieurs enfants ont vécu à Saint-Vallier...Dévoilement fait en l'an 2000, à la veille du 325e anniversaire de leur établissement sur la Rive sud.
  15. ^ "Cotton MS Vitellius A XIII/1". Les roys de Engeltere. 1280–1300. Retrieved 28 May 2023. Five rectangles of red linen, formerly used as curtains for the miniatures.ff. 3–6: Eight miniatures of the kings of England from Edward the Confessor (r. 1042–1066) to Edward I (r. 1272–1307); each one except the last is accompanied by a short account of their reign in Anglo-Norman prose. "Sir Lowys fiz le Roy Phylippe de Fraunce" "en engletere: le Roy Jon regna."[permanent dead link]
  16. ^ "Norroy". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 2 July 2023. Word origin C15: Old French nor north + roy king
  17. ^ Burke, Bernard, Sir (1884). "The general armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales; comprising a registry of armorial bearings from the earliest to the present time". London : Harrison & sons (Internet Archive). Retrieved 2 July 2023. "Norroy King of Arms", the most ancient of the heraldic sovereigns in England possesses as his province, England north of the Trent. He is the North King — "Norroy." The English Heralds bear the designation of "Windsor", "Chester", "Somerset", "Lancaster", "York" and "Richmond" the Pursuivants, are known by the names of "Rouge Dragon", "Rouge Croix", "Bluemantle" and "Portcullis." The date of the creation of the historic and dignified office of Garter King of Arms may be fixed with certainty to have been between May and September, 1417. The first Garter was William Bruges, originally styled "Guyenne King of Arms" and subsequently "Garteir Roy d'Armes des Anglois." By the constitution of King Henry VIII., it was provided that Garter should be Sovereign within the College of Arms above all the other officers...{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ "Fitzroy". Dictionary of American family names. Retrieved 30 May 2023. Irish: Anglo-Norman French patronymic from fi(t)z 'son' (see Fitz) + Roy 'king son of the king'. It is usually taken to imply that the original bearer was a bastard son of the king...
  19. ^ Bruges, William (1430–1440). "Stowe MS 594". William Bruges’ Garter Book. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2023. Languages: Anglo-Norman
  20. ^ Bruges, William (1430–1440). "Roy Edward (Edward III) manuscript". William Bruges’ Garter Book. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023. Edward III and Henry, Duke of Lancaster, of the Order of the Garter.
  21. ^ Roemer, Jean (1888). "Le roy". Origins of the English People and the English Languages. Retrieved 23 May 2023. ...the kings of England have retained the custom of using the Old Norman language when they give the royal assent... as: Le roy le veult;
  22. ^ "House of Commons Procedure and Practice Second Edition, 2009". House of Commons Canada. 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2023. He did so using the formulas le roy le veult to signify assent and le roy s'avisera to withhold it. Until the latter part of the reign of Edward III (1327‑77), all parliamentary proceedings were conducted in Norman French. The use of English was extremely rare until the reign of Henry IV (1399‑1413). Beginning with the reign of Henry VII (1485‑1509), English was used for all proceedings, with the exception of the Royal Assent, which was always expressed in French
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