Socialist Lebanon

Socialist Lebanon (Arabic: لبنان الاشتراكي, Lubnān al-ištirākī) was a Marxist group in Lebanon. The group was formed in 1965 by intellectuals and academicians including Ahmad Beydoun, Waddah Sharara, and Fawwaz Traboulsi.^[1]^[2]

In 1970 the group merged with the Organization of Lebanese Socialists, and formed the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon.

References

^ الدكتور أحمد بيضون: المفكر والكاتب والباحث الأكاديمي
^ Kazziha, Walid. 1975. Revolutionary Transformation in the Arab World: Habash and his Comrades from Nationalism to Marxism. New York: St. Martin's Press, p. 99.

Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party

Iraqi-dominated faction
Syrian-dominated faction

History

Predecessors	Arab Ba'ath Arab Ba'ath Movement Arab Socialist Movement Syrian Committee to Help Iraq
Founders	Michel Aflaq Salah al-Din al-Bitar
Pre-split	1954 Syrian coup d'état 14 July Revolution 1959 Mosul uprising Ramadan Revolution 1963 Syrian coup d'état National Council for the Revolutionary Command Ar-Rashid revolt November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 1964 Hama riot 1966 Syrian coup d'état
Post-split	17 July Revolution Ba'athist Iraq Revolutionary Command Council Members Arab Belt Corrective Movement Union of Arab Republics Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq 1979 Ba'ath Party Purge Faith Campaign Iraqi conflict De-Ba'athification Syrian civil war

Leadership

General Secretaries

Pre-split	Michel Aflaq Munif Razzaz
Iraqi-dominated faction	Michel Aflaq Saddam Hussein Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Salah Al-Mukhtar*
Syrian-dominated faction	Nureddin al-Atassi Hafiz al-Assad Abdullah al-Ahmar (de facto) Bashar al-Assad*

Regional Secretaries

Iraq	Fuad al-Rikabi Talib El-Shibib Ali Salih al-Sa'di Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed*
Jordan	Abdullah Rimawi Munif Razzaz Akram al-Homsi*
Lebanon	Assem Qanso Abd al-Majid al-Rafei
Palestine	Isam al-Qadi Rakad Salem*
Syria	Hammud al-Shufi Shibli al-Aysami Amin al-Hafiz Nureddin al-Atassi Hafiz al-Assad Bashar al-Assad*

Members of the National Command

Members of the Regional Commands

Iraq	Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur Muhammad Zimam Abd Al-Razzaq Ghanim Abdul-Jalil Saad Abdul-Majid Jamal Mustafa Abdullah Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed Salah Omar al-Ali Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash Salih Mahdi Ammash Hussein Al-Awadi Tariq Aziz Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Saadoun Ghaidan Sa'dun Hammadi Qusay Hussein Saddam Hussein Latif Nassif Jassim Rashid Taan Kazim Adnan Khairallah Ali Hassan al-Majid Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi Aziz Saleh Al-Numan Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi Taha Yassin Ramadan Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi Fuad al-Rikabi Ali Salih al-Sa'di Abd al-Khaliq al-Samarra'i Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i Talib El-Shibib Nayef Shindakh Thamir Khamis Sirhan Hardan al-Tikriti Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi Tahir Yahya Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi
Syria	Abdullah al-Ahmar Hussein Arnous Bashar al-Assad Hafiz al-Assad Nureddin al-Atassi Shibli al-Aysami Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan Muhsen Bilal Mahdi Dakhlallah Ahmad Diyab Fahd Jassem al-Freij Marwan Habash Amin al-Hafiz Muhammad Ali al-Halabi Wael Nader al-Halqi Salim Hatum Hilal Hilal Mohammad al-Hussein Hisham Ikhtiyar Salah Jadid Abd al-Karim al-Jundi Sami al-Jundi Abdul Rauf al-Kasm Abdul Halim Khaddam Imad Khamis Ahmad al-Khatib Abdul Rahman Khleifawi Mohammad Jihad al-Laham Ibrahim Makhous Zuhair Masharqa Muhammad Mustafa Mero Muhammad Naji al-Otari Abd al-Qadir Qaddura Hammouda Sabbagh Farouk al-Sharaa Hikmat al-Shihabi Hammud al-Shufi Mustafa Tlass Hasan Turkmani Muhammad Umran Salim Yasin Yusuf Zuayyin
Yemen	Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab

Heads of state

Iraq	Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein
Syria	Amin al-Hafiz Nureddin al-Atassi Ahmad al-Khatib Hafiz al-Assad Abdul Halim Khaddam (interim) Bashar al-Assad*

Heads of government

Iraq	Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein Sa'dun Hammadi Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai
Syria	Salah al-Din al-Bitar Amin al-Hafiz Yusuf Zuayyin Nureddin al-Atassi Hafiz al-Assad Abdul Rahman Khleifawi Mahmoud al-Ayyubi Muhammad Ali al-Halabi Abdul Rauf al-Kasm Mahmoud Al-Zoubi Muhammad Mustafa Mero Muhammad Naji al-Otari Adel Safar Riyad Farid Hijab Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji Wael Nader al-Halqi Imad Khamis Hussein Arnous*

* = incumbent

Organization

Regional branches

Iraqi-dominated faction	Algeria Bahrain Egypt Iraq Regional Command Jordan Lebanon Libya Mauritania Palestine Sudan Tunisia Yemen
Syrian-dominated faction	Jordan Lebanon Mauritania Palestine South Yemen Sudan Syria Central Command History National Security Bureau Yemen

Newspapers

Popular fronts

National Progressive Front (Iraq)
National Progressive Front (Syria)

Wings

Paramilitary	Ba'ath Brigades Fedayeen Saddam National Defense Battalions Popular Army
Youth	Revolutionary Youth Union

Associated organizations

Armed groups

Breakaway groups

Arab Revolutionary Workers Party
Arab Socialist Movement
- Damascus branch
Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party
Arabic Toilers' Movement
Al-Awda
Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party
Palestinian Arab Front
Socialist Lebanon
Sudanese Ba'ath Party

Political alliances

Current	Alliance of Palestinian Forces Forces of Freedom and Change March 8 Alliance National Consensus Forces National Democratic Alliance Palestine Liberation Organization Palestinian National and Islamic Forces
Former	Ahd Bloc Front of Patriotic and National Parties Lebanese National Movement Lebanese National Resistance Front National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria National Union Front Palestinian National Alliance Palestinian National Salvation Front Rejectionist Front

Political parties

Arab Socialist Union Party
Arab Democratic Union Party
Democratic Socialist Unionist Party
Kurdistan Revolutionary Party
Libyan National Movement
National Covenant Party
Popular Unity Party
Sawab
Social Democratic Unionists
Socialist Democratic Unionist Party
Socialist Unionist Party
Syrian Communist Party
- Bakdash
- Unified
Syrian Social Nationalist Party
- in Lebanon

Other organizations

General Federation of Trade Unions
General Union of Peasants
General Union of Syrian Women

Miscellaneous

Ideology	Anti-imperialism Anti-Zionism Arab nationalism Arab socialism Ba'athism Pan-Arabism Progressivism Republicanism Secularism Vanguardism
Literature	The Battle for One Destiny On the Way of Resurrection
Symbolism	Arḍ ul-Furātayn Pan-Arab colors

Political parties in Lebanon

Ministers (24)

March 8 Alliance (16)	Amal Movement (3) Hezbollah (2) Free Patriotic Movement (6) Lebanese Democratic Party (1) Marada Movement (2) Syrian Social Nationalist Party (1) Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag) (1)
March 14 Alliance (3)	Future Movement (2) Lebanese Forces (0) Progressive Socialist Party (1)
Others (5)	PM's share (5)

National Assembly (128)

March 8 Alliance (60)	Free Patriotic Movement (17) Amal Movement (14) Hezbollah (13) Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag) (3) Marada Movement (2) Al-Ahbash (2) Ba'ath Party (1) Dignity Movement (1) Popular Nasserist Organization (1) Union Party (1) Independent (5)
March 14 Alliance (38)	Lebanese Forces (19) Future Movement (8) Kataeb Party (4) Independence Movement (2) National Liberal Party (1) Islamic group (1) Independent (3)
17 October Revolution (13)	Taqaddom (2) Lebanese Communist Party (1) Beirut Tuqawem (1) Tahalof Watani (1) Khatt Ahmar (1) Lana (1) Osos Lebanon (1) ReLebanon (1)
Others (10)	Progressive Socialist Party (8) Popular Nasserist Organization (1) National Dialogue Party (1)