Wanggamala language

Extinct Australian Aboriginal language

Wanggamala
Wangka-Yutjurru
Wangga-Manha
Native to	Australia
Region	Northern Territory, Central West Queensland
Ethnicity	Wongkamala, Julaolinja, Lanima, Rungarungawa, Wongkadjera
Native speakers	1 (2003)
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Karnic Palku Wanggamala
Dialects	Wangka-Yutjurru Wankamanha (Tharlimanha, Wangga-Manha)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Variously: `wnm` – Wanggamanha `wky` – Wangkayutyuru `lnw` – Lanima
Glottolog	`wang1289` Wanggamala
AIATSIS^[1]	`C9`
ELP	Wanggamala

Wanggamala, also spelt Wanggamanha, Wangkamahdla, Wangkamadla, Wangkamanha, Wangkamana, Wonkamala, Wongkamala, Wonkamudla, and other variants, is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama–Nyungan family, previously spoken in the Northern Territory around Hay River (east of Alice Springs) and to the south of the Andegerebinha-speaking area.^[2]

As of 2003, there was one speaker remaining.^[3]

According to Gavan Breen (2007), Lanima (AIATSIS code G52) and Yurlayurlanya (formerly spelt Ulaolinya) are groups whose dialect is Wangkamanha G1, or possibly two names for the same group. Other linguists have offered different interpretations of the dialects.^[4]

Wangka-Yutjurru^[5] (AIATSIS G5) is a separate language (also Karnic, according to Luise Hercus), according to Gavan Breen, which has two dialects, Wangka-Yutjurru and Wangkamanha. Other linguists suggest further dialects.^[6]

Alternative names

Tharlimanha (Breen 2007)^[2]
Wanggamala (AIATSIS and Ethnologue)^[2]
Wanggamanha^[2]
Wangkamadla^[7]^[8]
Wangkamahdla^[9]
Wangkamala^[2]
Wangkamana (Horton, after Tindale;^[10] Blake & Breen 1971)^[2]
Wangkamanha^[2]
Wonggaman (AIAS)^[2]
Wonggawan^[2]
Wongkamala (Tindale)^[2]
Wonkamala (Tindale 1974)^[11]
Wonkamudla(Tindale 1974;^[11] O'Grady et al 1996; Mathews)^[2]

References

^ C9 Wanggamala at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k C9 Wanggamala language at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
^ International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: AAVE-Esperanto. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. 2003. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-19-513977-8.
^ G2 Ulaolinya at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
^ Bowern, Claire (2001). "Karnic classification revisited". In J Simpson; et al. (eds.). Forty years on. Canberra Pacific Linguistics. pp. 245–260. Archived from the original on 3 November 2021.
^ G5 Wangka-Yutjurru^ at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
^ Caddy, Amelia (14 October 2021). "Introducing Pilungah Reserve". Bush Heritage Australia. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
^ Barry, Derek (15 October 2021). "Boulia's Cravens Peak is renamed Pilungah". The North West Star. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
^ "Wangkamahdla People celebrate Queensland Native Title ruling". NITV. 15 July 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
^ Horton, David R. (1996). "Map of Indigenous Australia". AIATSIS.
^ ^a ^b Tindale 1974, p. 238.

Works cited

Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.

Pama–Nyungan languages

Paman languages

North	Adithinngithigh Andjingith Anguthimri Arritinngithigh Awngthim Luthigh Mbiywom Ndrangith Ngkoth Uradhi
Northeast	Umpila
Wik	Ayabadhu Kugu-Muminh Pakanha Wik-Me'nh Wik-Mungkan Wik-Ngathan Wik-Ompom
Lamalamic	Lamalama Morrobolam
Yalanjic	Barrow Point Gugu Yalandyi Guugu Yimidhirr
Southwest	Koko-Bera Kok Thawa Kunjen Ogh-Undjan Kuuk Thaayorre Kuuk Yak Yir-Yoront
Norman	Kurtjar Kuthant
Thaypan	Alungul Angkula Aghu Tharrnggala Ikarranggal Takalak Thaypan
Southern	Agwamin Mbara-Yanga Mbabaram Walangama
Other	Djabugay Flinders Island Gugadj Kok Narr Mbariman-Gudhinma Umbindhamu

Eastern Pama–Nyungan

Dyirbalic	Dyirbal Nyawaygi Warrgamay Wulguru
Maric	Bidjara Biri Kingkel Warrongo
Waka–Kabic	Barunggam Dappil Gabi-Gabi Gureng Gureng Wakawaka Wuliwuli
Durubalic	Guwar Janday Nunukul Turrbal
Gumbaynggiric	Kumbainggar Yaygir
Wiradhuric	Gamilaraay Ngiyambaa Wiradjuri
Yuin–Kuric	Awabakal Darkinjung Dharug Dhanggati Ngarigo Ngunnawal Tharawal Wormi
Gippsland	Dhudhuroa Gunaikurnai Pallanganmiddang
Other	Anewan Bandjalang Kalaw Lagaw Ya Yidiny

Southern Pama–Nyungan

Yotayotic

Kulinic

Kolakngat

Kulin	Bunurong Dja Dja Wurrung Ledji-Ledji Madhi-Madhi Wadi-Wadi Wathaurong Wemba Wemba Woiwurrung–Taungurung
Drual	Bungandidj Dhauwurd Wurrung Kuurn Kopan Noot

Kartu	Badimaya Malgana Nhanda Wajarri Yinggarda
Kanyara–Mantharta	Kanyara Mantharta
Ngayarta	Jurruru Kurrama Martuthunira Ngarla Ngarluma-Kariyarra Nhuwala Nyamal Nyiyaparli Panyjima Yindjibarndi Yinhawangka
Marrngu	Karajarri Mangala Nyangumarta

Northern Pama–Nyungan

Ngumpin–Yapa	Ngarrga Ngumbin
Warumungu	Warumungu
Warluwaric	Wagaya Bularnu Yindjilandji Warluwarra Yanyuwa
Kalkatungic	Kalkatungu Yalarnnga
Mayi	Mayi-Kulan Mayi-Kutuna Ngawun

Central Pama–Nyungan

Wati	Ngardi Wanman Western Desert
Arandic	Arrernte Kaytetye Lower Arrernte
Karnic	Arabana Diyari Mithaka Ngamini Yarluyandi Ngura Pitta Pitta Wanggamala Wangka-Yutjurru Wilson River Bundhamara new Wangkumara/Garlali Yandruwandha
Other	Baagandji Bulloo River old Wangkumara/Garlali Muruwari Yardli

Other Pama–Nyungan

Yolŋu	Dhaŋu Dhuwal Djaŋu Djinba Djinaŋ Ritharrŋu Nhaŋu
Other	Barranbinja Lower Burdekin

Macro-Pama–Nyungan?

Macro-Gunwinyguan?

Maningrida	Burarra Ndjébbana Gurr-goni Nakkara
Mangarrayi-Marran	Alawa Mangarrayi Marra Warndarrang Yugul
Gunwinyguan	Jawoyn Uwinymil Waray Kunwinjku Dalabon Kunbarlang Ngalakgan Rembarrnga Ngandi Nunggubuyu Anindilyakwa
Other	Gaagudju Kungarakany Wardaman Wagiman