Hrothgar

Ratu Wealhþeow melayani Hrothgar (latar belakang, tengah) dan pasukannya. Ilustrasi dari buku anak-anak 1908.

Hrothgar (bahasa Inggris Kuno: Hrōðgār [ˈr̥oːðgɑːr]; bahasa Nordik Kuno: Hróarr) adalah seorang raja Denmark yang hidup pada awal abad ke-6.[1] Hrothgar muncul dalam epos-epos Anglo-Saxon Beowulf dan Widsith, dalam saga-saga dan syair-syair Norse, dan dalam kronik-kronik Denmark abad pertengahan.

Catatan

  1. ^ The dating has never been a matter of controversy. It is inferred from the internal chronology of the sources themselves and the dating of Hygelac's raid on Frisia to c. 516. It is also supported by archaeological excavations of the barrows of Eadgils and Ohthere in Sweden. For a discussion, see e.g. Birger Nerman's Det svenska rikets uppkomst (1925) (in Swedish). For presentations of the archaeological findings, see e.g. Elisabeth Klingmark's Gamla Uppsala, Svenska kulturminnen 59, Riksantikvarieämbetet (in Swedish), or this English language presentation by the Swedish National Heritage Board Diarsipkan 2007-08-24 di Wayback Machine.

Sumber

  • Kluge, Friedrich (1896). "Der Beowulf und die Hrolfs Saga Kraka." Englische Studien 22, pp. 144–45.
  • Nerman, Birger (1925). "Det svenska rikets uppkomst".
  • "Sidelights on Teutonic History During the Migration Period", Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1911; pp. 82 ff.
  • Beowulf:
  • Beowulf read aloud in Old English
    • Modern English translation by Francis Barton Gummere
    • Modern English translation by John Lesslie Hall
    • Ringler, Dick. Beowulf: A New Translation For Oral Delivery, May 2005. Searchable text with full audio available, from the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries.
    • Several different Modern English translations
  • Widsith:
    • Widsith, A Verse Translation by Douglas B. Killings
    • Widsith, a translation by Bella Millett
  • Chronicon Lethrense and Annales Lundense:
    • Chronicon Lethrense and Annales Lundenses in translation by Peter Tunstall
    • The same translation at Northvegr
  • Book 2 of Gesta Danorum at the Online Medieval & Classical library Diarsipkan 2009-04-15 di Wayback Machine.
  • Book 7 of Gesta Danorum at the Online Medieval & Classical library Diarsipkan 2009-02-07 di Wayback Machine.
  • The Relation of the Hrolfs Saga Kraka and the Bjarkarimur to Beowulf by Olson, 1916, at Project Gutenberg
  • Hrólf Kraki's saga in English translation at Northvegr