Sejarah kepausan

Menurut doktrin Katolik, Paus adalah pengganti Santo Petrus (berlutut, kanan)

Sejarah Kepausan, jawatan yang dipegang oleh paus sebagai ketua kepada Gereja Katolik, menurut doktrin Katolik, merangkumi dari zaman Petrus hingga ke hari ini. [1] Lebih-lebih lagi, ramai uskup Rom pada tiga abad pertama era Kristian adalah tokoh yang tidak jelas. Kebanyakan pengganti Petrus dalam tiga abad pertama selepas hidupnya mengalami kesyahidan bersama dengan ahli kawanan mereka dalam tempoh penganiayaan, dan mereka mempunyai hierarki tertinggi untuk diteruskan dalam gereja.

Semasa Gereja Awal, para uskup Rom tidak menikmati kuasa duniawi sehingga zaman Constantine . Selepas Kejatuhan Empayar Rom Barat (" Zaman Pertengahan ", kira-kira 476), kepausan dipengaruhi oleh penguasa duniawi Semenanjung Itali di sekelilingnya; tempoh ini dikenali sebagai Kepausan Ostrogotik, Kepausan Byzantine, dan Kepausan Frankish . Lama kelamaan, kepausan menyatukan tuntutan wilayahnya kepada sebahagian semenanjung yang dikenali sebagai Negara Kepausan . Selepas itu, peranan penguasa negara jiran telah digantikan oleh keluarga Rom yang berkuasa semasa saeculum obscurum, era Crescentii, dan Kepausan Tusculan .

This article is part of a series on
Vatican City
History
  • Duchy of Rome 533–751
  • Donation of Pepin 750s
  • Papal States 754–1870
    • Annates
    • Congregation for Borders
    • Fundamental Statute for the Secular Government of the States of the Church
  • Capture of Rome 1870
  • "Prisoner in the Vatican" 1870–1929
    • Roman Question
    • Law of Guarantees
  • Lateran Treaty 1929
  • Vatican City 1929–present
    • Governor of Vatican City
    • 2010 Vatican sex scandal
  • History of the Catholic Church since 1962
  • History of the Papacy
  • Roman Historical Institutes
  • Savoyard Era
  • Vatileaks scandal
  • Vatican Historical Museum
  • Vatican City during World War II
Law
  • Acta Apostolicae Sedis
  • Fundamental Law of Vatican City State
  • Capital punishment in Vatican City
  • Crime in Vatican City
  • Lateran Treaty
  • Legal status of the Holy See
    • (Alperin v.Vatican Bank)
    • (Doe v.Holy See)
  • Temporal power of the Holy See
  • Tribunal of Vatican City State
  • Canon law
    1983 Code of Canon Law
    Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
    Apostolic Constitution Pastor Bonus
  • LGBT rights in Vatican City
  • Pontifical Swiss Guard
  • Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State
  • Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City
Politics and government
  • Archives
  • Association of Vatican Lay Workers
  • Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State
    • President
    • President: Giuseppe Bertello
    • Pontifical Commission
  • Secretariat for Communications
    • Holy See Press Office
    • L'Osservatore Romano (Vatican City newspaper)
    • L'Osservatore della Domenica
    • List of newspapers in Vatican City
    • Vatican Radio lawsuit
    • Vatican Information Service
    • .va (Vatican City internet sites)
    • Vatican Publishing House
    • Vatican Radio
    • Vatican Television Center
  • Secretariat of State
    • Secretary: Pietro Parolin
  • Fabric of Saint Peter
  • Foreign relations of the Holy See
    • List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See
    • Holy See–Israel relations
    • Holy See–Italy relations
    • Holy See–Palestine relations
    • Papal apocrisiarius
  • Governorate of Vatican City
    • Governor of Vatican City
  • Military of Vatican City
    • Noble Guard
  • College of Cardinals
    • Camerlengo (Chamberlain)
    • Dean
  • Vical General
  • Court of Cassation
    President: Dominique Mamberti
  • Court of Appeals
    President: Pio Vito Pinto
  • Tribunale
    President: G. di Sanguinetto
Papacy
  • Pope
    • Popemobile
  • Catholic Church
    • Latin Church
  • Holy See
    • Diocese of Rome
    • Roman Curia
  • Universi Dominici Gregis
  • Papal conclave (Papal elections)
    • Universi Dominici gregis
  • Recent conclaves
  • 1978 (Oct)
  • 2005
  • 2013
  • Papal household
    • Papal Gentleman
  • Prefecture of the Pontifical Household
  • Foreign relations
    • Section for Relations with States
    • Concordats
    • Multilateral foreign policy
    • Status in international law
      • Lateran Treaty
    • Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia)
      Secretary for Relations with States: Paul Gallagher
      Undersecretaries for Relations with States: Antoine Camilleri

    • List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See
    • Nuncios

    • Vatican and Holy See passports
    • Visa requirements
    • Visa policy

    • The Holy See and the United Nations
    Economy
    • Institute for the Works of Religion
    • Telephone numbers in Vatican City
    • Tourism in Vatican City
    • Transport in Vatican City
    • Rail transport in Vatican City
    • Secretariat for the Economy
    • Financial Information Authority
    • Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
    • Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See
    • Vatican euro coins
    • Vatican lira
    • Properties of the Holy See
    Symbols
    • Flag
      • List of Papal Flags
    • Anthem
    • Coats of arms of the Holy See and Vatican City
    • 00120 (Vatican postcode)
    • Papal tiara
      • Papal coronation
    Culture
    • Vatican museums
    • Vatican Library
    • Music of Vatican City
      • Sistine Chapel Choir
    • Languages of Vatican City
    • Women in Vatican City
    • Vatican Christmas Tree
    • Vatican City football team
    • Vatican Cricket Team
    • Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah
    • Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City
    • Public holidays in Vatican City
    • Pontifical Academy of Sciences
    • Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences
    • The Story of the Vatican, 1941 documentary
    Buildings/geography
    • Apostolic Nunciature
    • Apostolic Palace
    • Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore
    • Borgia Apartments
    • Bramante Staircase
    • Domus Sanctae Marthae
    • Fountains of St. Peter's Square
    • Gardens of Vatican City
    • Geography of Vatican City
    • Gregorian Tower
    • Mater Ecclesiae (monastery)
    • Monument to the Royal Stuarts
    • Palace of the Holy Office
    • Palazzi Pontifici
    • Papal Apartments
    • Saint Peter's Basilica
    • Saint Peter's Square
    • Saint Peter's tomb
    • Lateran Basilica
    • Lateran Palace
    • Leonine City
    • Niccoline Chapel
    • Old St. Peter's Basilica
    • Papal tombs
    • Papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica
    • Paul VI Audience Hall
    • Tomb of the Julii
    • Torre San Giovanni
    • Scala Regia
    • Via della Conciliazione
    • Vatican Climate Forest
    • Vatican Heliport
    • Vatican Hill
    • Vatican Necropolis
    • Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah
    • Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City
    • Public holidays in Vatican City
    • Vatican Secret Archives
    • St. Peter's Baldachin
    • Sala Regia
    • San Pellegrino in Vaticano
    • Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri
    • Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici
    • Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope
    • Vatican Observatory
    • Vatican Pharmacy
    • Bibliotheca Palatina
    • Cappella Giulia
    • Cappella Paolina
    • Cardinal Secretary of State
    • Casina Pio IV
    • Circus of Nero
    • Redemptoris Mater Chapel
    • Saints Martin and Sebastian of the Swiss
    • Santo Stefano degli Abissini
    • Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi
    • Teutonic Cemetery
    • Cortile del Belvedere
    • Passetto di Borgo
    • Porta San Pellegrino
    Vatican Museums
    • Vatican Museums
    • Gallery of Maps
    • Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling
    • Collection of Modern Religious Art
    • Raphael Rooms
    • Redemptoris Mater Chapel
    • Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes
    • Sistine Chapel
    • Sistine Chapel ceiling
    • The Last Judgment by Michelangelo
    • Outline
    • Index
    •  Vatican City portal
    •  Catholicism portal

    Bacaan lanjut

    • Adiele, Pius Onyemechi. Kepausan, Gereja Katolik dan Perhambaan Transatlantik Orang Hitam Afrika 1418-1839 (Georg Olms Verlag, 2017).
    • Aradi, Zsolt. The Popes Sejarah Bagaimana Mereka Dipilih Dipilih Dan Dinobatkan (1955) dalam talian
    • Bauer, Stefan. (2020): Penciptaan Sejarah Kepausan: Onofrio Panvinio antara Renaissance dan Pembaharuan Katolik . Oxford University Press.ISBN 9780198807001ISBN 9780198807001
    • Buttler, Scott; Norman Dahlgren; David Hess (1997). Jesus, Peter & the Keys: A Scriptural Handbook on the Papacy. Santa Barbara: Queenship. ISBN 978-1-882972-54-8.978-1-882972-54-8
    • Chadwick, Owen, The Popes dan revolusi Eropah (Oxford UP, 1981) dalam talian . meliputi 1789 hingga 1815
    • Chadwick, Owen. Sejarah paus, 1830-1914 (Oxford UP, 1998), secara ilmiah dalam talian
    • Collins, Roger (2009). Keepers of the Keys: A History of the Papacy. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-01195-7.978-0-465-01195-7
    • Coppa, Frank J. The Papacy in the Modern World: A Political History (2014) kajian dalam talian
    • Coppa, Frank J. ed. Paus besar melalui sejarah: ensiklopedia (2 jilid, 2002) dalam talian
    • Duffy, Eamon (2006). Saints & Sinners (ed. 3). New Haven Ct: Yale Nota Bene/Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11597-0.978-0-300-11597-0
    • Fletcher, Stella. The Popes and Britain: sejarah pemerintahan, perpecahan dan perdamaian (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017).
    • Lascelles, Christopher. Pontifex Maximus: A Short History of the Popes (Crux Publishing Ltd, 2017).
    • Mcbrien, Richard (1997). Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to John Paul II. San Francisco: Harper SanFrancisco. ISBN 978-0-06-065304-0.978-0-06-065304-0
    • McCabe, Joseph (1939). A History of the Popes. London.: Watts & Co.
    • Maxwell-Stuart, P. (1997). Chronicle of the Popes: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Papacy over 2000 Years. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-01798-2.978-0-500-01798-2
    • Norwich, John Julius (2011). Absolute Monarchs: A History of the Papacy. Random House NY. ISBN 978-1-4000-6715-2.978-1-4000-6715-2 , sejarah popular
    • O'Malley, SJ, John W. The Jesuit and the Popes: Sketsa Sejarah Hubungan Mereka (2016)
    • Pennington, Arthur Robert (1882). Epochs of the Papacy: From Its Rise to the Death of Pope Pius IX. in 1878. G. Bell and Sons.
    • Rendina, Claudio (2002). The Popes: Histories and Secrets. Washington: Seven Locks Press. ISBN 978-1-931643-13-9.978-1-931643-13-9
    • Schatz, Klaus. Keutamaan Kepausan dari Asal-usulnya hingga Kini (Collegeville, MN, 1996).
    • Schimmelpfennig, Bernhard. The Papacy (New York, 1992)
    • Toropov, Brandon (2002). The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Popes and the Papacy. Indianapolis: Alpha Books. ISBN 978-0-02-864290-1.978-0-02-864290-1 , sejarah popular
    • Vaughan, Herbert. The Medici Popes (Jovian Press, 2018).
    1. ^ Roger Collins, Keepers of the Keys: A History of the Papacy (2009).